![]() ![]() Once you’ve gotten the basics down about on-site servers, expand your knowledge with a look at virtualization, how servers get provisioned to house multiple apps, and containerization, another way servers provision their operating systems out to house compartmentalized applications. Learn all about types of servers, what they do, and how they play into the back-end stack with our Guide to Server Technology. These high-powered computers provide shared resources that networks need to run, including file storage, security and encryption, databases, email, and web services. Of your back-end stack’s four components, whether it’s on-site or in the cloud, the server acts as the lifeblood of the network. Here’s some more information about each of these components of the backend. To simplify things, we’ll break the server side down into four main components of a “software stack”: the server, the database, the operating system, and the software. #DEVSLOPES COMMUNITY SOFTWARE#Breaking Down the Software Stack: The Basics of Back-End Tools & Technologyīack-end development can be much more varied than front-end development, which is largely driven by JavaScript, HTML, CSS, and various front-end frameworks using these languages. Let’s go a little further into these concepts by looking at some of the technologies that make it all run. The back end of applications can look very different from application to application, whether it’s the use of cloud-based servers and data warehouses, containerization with a service like Docker, Backend-as-a-Service (BaaS) providers, or APIs to replace more complex processing. ![]() For an in-depth look at the software that ties it all together, read Server-Side Scripting: Back-End Web Development Technology, or get a basic view of back-end technology with our article The Role of the Back-End Developer. The “traditional” back end is a mix of the server, databases, APIs, and operating systems that power an app’s front end. Now, let’s take a look at how back-end architecture works-the software and machinery that take over in step four in the above graphic. To learn more about the front-end process, start by reading The Role of a Front-End Web Developer: Creating User Experience and Interactivity, then see how all those client-side scripts work in our article “ Front-End Web Development: Client-Side Scripting & User Experience.” This often happens in a constant loop of requests and responses to the server. Front-end scripts volley those requests over to the server side to be processed, returning the appropriate data to the front end. ![]() You can see how the server-side (in the green box) manages all those requests that come from users’ clicks. Here’s a visual to give you an idea of how front-end and back-end development flow. There’s more overlap between the two, especially when it comes to a JavaScript developer’s role on a fully JavaScript-powered stack. It’s important to note that this convenient way of divvying up development has changed significantly over the past 10 to 15 years with the explosive growth of JavaScript, which wasn’t as ubiquitous on the front end as it is now, or as common on the back end, thanks to Node.js. It’s the machinery that works behind the scenes-everything the end user doesn’t see or directly interact with, but that powers what’s happening. The back end, on the other hand, happens on the server (on site, or in the cloud) and databases. The front end, also called “client-side” programming, is what happens in the browser-everything the end users see and interact with. To understand the back end, or the “server side,” you also have to know the front end and how the two interact. #DEVSLOPES COMMUNITY HOW TO#You’ll not only know what server-side scripting is and what back-end engineers do, you’ll learn the pros of the different programming languages, how the cloud is changing things up, why APIs are so important, and how to make decisions about what frameworks are best for your app. #DEVSLOPES COMMUNITY PRO#To help you become a pro in all things back-end development, we’ve gathered up a series of articles that cover some key things to know-in a way non-developers can understand.
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