![]() ![]() It is essential to coordinate permits with other air traffic units. To prevent aircraft collisions, permits are issued to ensure the safety and orderly flow of air traffic. Based on the information received, the controller should determine the positions of known aircraft concerning itself. To this end, the air traffic control service receives information on the intended movements of each aircraft and current information on the progress of the flight. The most important goal is safety in air traffic, which is supervised by the air traffic control unit. Such extreme conditions make it necessary to make quick decisions while maintaining the level of safety and at the same time paying attention to operational values. This may involve a complete change of the assumed configuration of planes in the approach zone or even in the queue for landing. One should also consider the possibility of disturbances and the need to change the decisions already made by the inspector. ![]() ![]() The values of the separations used in controlled airports with an influx of landing streams from many directions are becoming critical. The task of air traffic control is to ensure safe horizontal and vertical separations between aircraft in a controlled space. One of the tasks of the APP approach control services, responsible for air traffic control in the TMA area, is the scheduling of landing aircraft. Improving traffic organization in this area may result in the minimization of delays or better use of runways. These areas undoubtedly include the Terminal Control Area, TMA, where streams of landing aircraft from different directions merge. Critical airspace areas with high traffic intensity require specific analysis. Terminal control areas are sensitive areas of the airspace where arrival and departure traffic take place. Air traffic is subject to various legal, environmental, and technical regulations, and the overriding goal is to ensure the required level of safety of the performed air operations. The aim of management is not only to direct traffic control but also to plan and coordinate its adequate flow to optimize the use of available airspace. The obtained results of the assessment can be used to estimate the increased fuel consumption of the aircraft.Īir traffic is subject to the processes of monitoring and controlling its flow. Then, simulation experiments were carried out, allowing the determination of whether the method of combining the streams of landing planes has an impact on the quality of the landing queue measured with the proposed index. Various methods of combining the streams of landing aircraft have been adopted: three-stage, two-stage, and single-stage. In order to obtain the results of research works, a model using a Petri net was developed, allowing for flexible mapping of concurrent processes and their effect analysis. The authors proposed a measure for assessing the quality of the landing queue, which was defined as the increase in flight time of aircraft in the approach area in relation to the nominal time, which was adopted as minimization. The article aims to assess the method of combining the streams of landing aircraft and estimate the impact of such an organization on the increased fuel consumption of aircraft and thus on air pollution. There are different ways to organize landing aircraft flows and other ways to merge these flows. Misalignment of landing aircraft negatively impacts airport capacity, increases fuel consumption through more prolonged waiting times in space, and directly impacts air pollution. It is essential to correctly line up for aircraft reporting from different entry points to the approach area to avoid waiting for landing. Due to the high intensity of aircraft maneuvers, the authors analyzed aircraft traffic in the area approaching the airport. Air traffic and the operation of airports generate adverse environmental effects, including greenhouse gas emissions, air pollution, and noise emissions. An important area is environmental protection and measures to minimize the negative impact of civil aviation activities on the environment. The most important directions in the field of sustainable development of air transport concern increasing the capacity of airports and improving the global civil aviation system, improving air traffic safety, and developing procedures to optimize the operation of the aviation system. ![]()
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